How many major rock edicts are there of Emperor Ashoka?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Explanation
Answer — (3) 14.
Explanation —
14 major rock edicts of Emperor Ashoka have been discovered. These edicts were obtained from 8 different locations (namely—Kalsi, Girnar, Dhauli, Shahbazgarhi, Mansehra, Sopara, Erragudi, and Jaugada). In this collection of 14 edicts, Ashoka has outlined the principles of his 'Dhamma' (religion), his administrative system, and ethical conduct. For instance, the First Rock Edict discusses the prohibition of animal sacrifice, while the famous Thirteenth Rock Edict describes the devastation of the Kalinga War and Ashoka's subsequent change of heart. These edicts were primarily written in the Prakrit language using the Brahmi script; however, in northwestern India, the use of the Kharoshthi and Greek scripts is also evident.
Additional Points —
Decipherer: Ashoka's edicts were first deciphered by James Prinsep in 1837.
Pillar Edicts: In addition to the rock edicts, there are also 7 major pillar edicts of Ashoka.
Minor Rock Edicts: These are shorter than the major rock edicts and reveal Ashoka's personal inclination towards Buddhism (e.g., the Maski and Gurjara inscriptions, where the name 'Ashoka' is explicitly mentioned).
Potential Exam Questions and Answers —
Question: In which of Ashoka's edicts is the 'Kalinga War' described?
Answer: In the 13th Major Rock Edict.
Question: In which edict is the appointment of 'Dhamma Mahamatras' mentioned?
Answer: In the 5th Major Rock Edict.