In the following question, a sentence with a blank is given, followed by five words labeled (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5). Choose the word that fills the blank appropriately in the context of the passage.
The pursuit of space exploration (1) _____ not merely an extension of scientific curiosity but a profound statement about humanity's aspirations and existential resilience. As Earth's resources dwindle and environmental degradation escalates the imperative to seek alternative habitats (2) ____ increasingly unavoidable. Beyond the immediate technological marvels, space missions foster unprecedented advancements in materials science, medicine, and artificial intelligence, all of which invariably (3) _____ civilian life on Earth. However, venturing into the cosmos is fraught with ethical dilemmas. Questions surrounding planetary protection-ensuring that alien ecosystems are neither contaminated nor exploited, remain largely (4) nascent within international law.
Moreover, the colossal costs of space programs provoke debates about distributive justice, particularly in a world where basic human needs remain unmet for millions.
Thus, a responsible trajectory of space exploration must harmonize ambition with stewardship, (5) tempering technological triumphalism with humility.
Ultimately, the future of humanity may indeed lie among the stars, but whether that future is marked by expansionist hubris or enlightened coexistence will depend on the philosophical frameworks we choose to uphold in these uncharted domains.
The word 'tempering' most nearly means:
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Explanation
The word appears in the following sentence:
'...harmonize ambition with stewardship, (5) tempering technological triumphalism with humility.'
The term 'tempering' comes from metallurgy (blacksmithing), where metal is heated and cooled to make it less brittle and more useful.
Meaning: In this context, it means to balance or soften the intensity of one thing by adding another.
The author suggests that we shouldn't let our pride in technology ('triumphalism') go out of control. By adding 'humility,' we moderate or reduce that pride to create a more 'responsible trajectory.'