Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of Kwashiorkor?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Explanation
Answer — Swollen abdomen due to fluid retention
Explanation —
Kwashiorkor is a form of severe malnutrition caused primarily by a drastic deficiency of protein in the diet. Its most distinctive symptom is 'edema,' in which fluid accumulates within the body's tissues. As a result, the child's abdomen appears abnormally distended—a condition often referred to as a 'pot belly.' This is typically observed in children who are fed a low-protein diet as a substitute for breast milk.
Additional Points —
Key Symptoms: In addition to abdominal swelling, symptoms include skin lesions, changes in hair color (turning red or yellow), and fatty infiltration of the liver.
Marasmus vs. Kwashiorkor: Marasmus results from a deficiency of both protein and calories (energy), causing the body to become skeletal in appearance (severe muscle wasting), whereas Kwashiorkor is characterized primarily by a protein deficiency.
Treatment: It can be treated by providing a diet containing adequate amounts of protein (milk, lentils, eggs).
Potential Exam Questions and Answers —
Question: What is the meaning of the term 'Kwashiorkor'?
Answer: In the language of Ghana, it means 'the disease that the older child gets when a new child is born.'
Question: What are the two main types of protein-energy malnutrition in children?
Answer: Kwashiorkor and Marasmus.