SSC Selection Post 2025 PYQ — Question 21

Correct Answer

British censorship of press and permitted detention without trial

Explanation

Mahatma Gandhi called for a nationwide campaign against the Rowlatt Act because it severely restricted the fundamental civil liberties of Indians. Officially known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, this legislation authorized the British colonial government to censor the press, silence political dissent, and arrest and detain any person suspected of revolutionary activities for up to two years without any trial or judicial review. Infuriated by this 'Black Act,' Gandhi organized the Rowlatt Satyagraha, marking his first major pan-India protest.

Key Points

The Act gave sweeping powers to the colonial police, completely undermining the basic principles of justice, which led to the popular slogan: 'No Dalil, No Vakil, No Appeal.'

Gandhi called for a nationwide hartal (strike) on April 6, 1919, asking citizens to observe fasting, prayer, and peaceful suspension of work.

The widespread public anger and protests against this Act eventually built up the tense atmosphere that tragically culminated in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre on April 13, 1919.

Important Questions and Answers

Question: By what other popular name was the oppressive Rowlatt Act known among Indians?

Answer: It was widely known as the 'Black Act' due to its undemocratic and oppressive provisions.

Question: Who was the head of the committee that recommended the implementation of this controversial Act?

Answer: The committee was headed by Sir Sidney Rowlatt, a British judge.