Who explained the system of classifying musical instruments into Tata, Sushira, Avanaddha and Ghana in his treatise 'Natya Shastra' in the early 2nd century?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Explanation
The correct answer is option 4 i.e. Bharata Muni.
The system of classifying musical instruments into Tata, Sushira, Avanaddha, and Ghana was explained by Bharata Muni, the ancient Indian sage and author of the ‘Natya Shastra’. Composed around the early centuries CE, this treatise is a foundational text on performing arts, including music, dance, and drama. Bharata categorized instruments based on their method of sound production:
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Tata – stringed instruments
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Sushira – wind instruments
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Avanaddha – percussion instruments with membranes
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Ghana – solid, resonant instruments
This classification provided a systematic framework for musical theory in India, influencing both classical music traditions and the development of orchestration in temple and court performances for centuries.