Which of the following ancient Indian sites is famous for its chaityas and viharas carved into rock?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Explanation
Answer: (A) Ajanta
Explanation:
Located in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, the Ajanta Caves are world-renowned for their rock-cut Chaityas (prayer halls) and Viharas (monasteries). Chaityas primarily served as places of worship for Buddhist monks, while Viharas functioned as their living quarters or resting places. Ajanta comprises a total of 29 caves, which are associated with both the Hinayana and Mahayana sects of Buddhism. The paintings and sculptures adorning the walls of these caves stand as exquisite examples of Indian art. The construction of these caves was carried out in various phases, spanning from the 2nd century BCE to the 6th century CE.
Additional Points:
Mahabalipuram: Famous for its 'Ratha Temples' (chariot temples) and rock-cut carvings (such as the Descent of the Ganges), which were commissioned by the Pallava rulers.
Hampi: The capital of the Vijayanagara Empire, known for its temples (such as the Vittala Temple).
Thanjavur: Home to the Brihadeshwara Temple, which is considered the pinnacle of Chola architecture.
Potential Exam Questions and Answers:
Question: What is the main difference between a 'Chaitya' and a 'Vihara' in Buddhism?
Answer: A Chaitya is a 'place of worship' (prayer hall), whereas a Vihara is a 'dwelling place' (monastery) for monks.
Question: Who discovered the Ajanta Caves, and when?
Answer: John Smith, in 1819 (during a hunting expedition).