What are ribosomes made up of?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 4 i.e. Proteins and RNA.
Ribosomes are made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. They consist of two subunits: a large subunit and a small subunit. In eukaryotes, the large subunit is 60S and the small subunit is 40S, forming an 80S ribosome when combined. In prokaryotes, the subunits are 50S and 30S, forming a 70S ribosome. The rRNA plays a crucial role in the catalytic function of ribosomes, while ribosomal proteins help maintain the structure and assist in protein synthesis. Ribosomes can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, forming rough ER in eukaryotic cells.