In ethylene (C2H4 ), hybridisation of carbon atoms is:
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 1 i.e. sp2.
In ethylene (C₂H₄), each carbon atom undergoes sp² hybridisation. One s orbital and two p orbitals of each carbon mix to form three sp² hybrid orbitals, which lie in a plane at 120° angles. These hybrid orbitals form sigma (σ) bonds with two hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom. The unhybridised p orbital on each carbon overlaps sideways with the p orbital of the other carbon, forming a pi (π) bond. Thus, the carbon-carbon double bond in ethylene consists of one σ bond and one π bond. This hybridisation gives ethylene a planar structure with restricted rotation.