Under the Regulating Act of 1773, court of appeal "the Sadar Nizamat Adalat" was set up at which of the following city in India?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Explanation
Correct Answer:
Option 2: Calcutta
Explanation:
Under the Regulating Act of 1773, administrative and judicial reforms were introduced in India for the first time. Under this very Act, the "Sadr Nizamat Adalat" was established in Calcutta; it served primarily as the supreme appellate court for criminal cases. Initially, this court was located in Murshidabad, but Governor-General Warren Hastings relocated it to Calcutta. Concurrently, the "Sadr Diwani Adalat" was also established to handle *Diwani* (civil) cases. This system laid the foundation for the modern judicial system in India and established Calcutta as the principal hub of British administration.
Additional Facts:
Option 1: Bombay did not possess a supreme court of this nature.
Option 3: Mysore was an independent state; this system was not in place there.
Option 4: Lucknow was the center of Awadh, not of British judicial reform.
Potential Questions for Upcoming Exams:
Question: When was the Regulating Act passed?
Answer: 1773
Question: Who was the first Governor-General of India?
Answer: Warren Hastings
Question: When and where was the Supreme Court established?
Answer: 1774, Calcutta
Question: What type of cases did the Sadr Diwani Adalat handle?
Answer: *Diwani* (civil) cases