The classical theory of monsoon development was propounded by Sir Edmond Halley. With this reference, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. During the summer monsoon, the air flows from the sea to land and brings heavy rainfall to the Indian subcontinent.
2. During the winter monsoon, the air flows from land to sea and carries very little moisture.
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Explanation
Answer: Both 1 and 2.
Explanation:
The classical theory of the monsoon, propounded by Sir Edmund Halley, is based on the differential rates of heating between land and water.
Summer Monsoon: During the summer, the sun shines directly over the Tropic of Cancer, creating a region of 'low atmospheric pressure' over the Indian landmass, while 'high atmospheric pressure' prevails over the Indian Ocean. Winds blow from the sea towards the land, carrying abundant moisture and resulting in heavy rainfall.
Winter Monsoon: During the winter, the land cools down rapidly, creating a region of 'high atmospheric pressure.' Winds blow from the land towards the sea. Since these winds originate over land, they contain very little moisture and are dry.
Additional Points:
Exception: In winter, when these winds pass over the Bay of Bengal, they pick up moisture and cause rainfall along the Coromandel Coast of Tamil Nadu.
Modern Theory: Currently, the shifting of the 'Jet Stream' and the 'ITCZ' is considered to be a more accurate explanation for the monsoon phenomenon.
Potential Exam Questions and Answers:
Question: Where does the returning monsoon cause the heaviest rainfall? Answer: On the Tamil Nadu coast.
Question: From which language is the word 'monsoon' derived? Answer: Arabic.