The architectural feature of the true arch and dome in India was first introduced by the:
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Explanation
Answer: The Delhi Sultanate.
Explanation:
The architectural style featuring "true arches" and "domes" was widely introduced in India with the advent of the Delhi Sultanate. Although arch-like structures existed in India prior to this, the introduction of "true arches"—based on scientific principles (specifically involving the use of a keystone)—was pioneered by the Turko-Afghan rulers. The 'Alai Darwaza' (1311 CE), constructed by Alauddin Khilji within the Qutb Minar complex, is considered the earliest and most precise example of a true arch in India. Conversely, Balban's Tomb was the first structure to feature the use of a purely Islamic arch. These structures laid the foundation for the 'Indo-Islamic' style within Indian architecture, a style that later blossomed into magnificent forms during the Mughal era.
Additional Points:
Ghaznavids: They made incursions into North-West India; however, the defining architectural characteristics were developed primarily during the Sultanate period.
Rashtrakutas and Chalukyas: These were South Indian dynasties renowned for their 'Dravidian' and 'Vesara' style temples (such as the Kailasa Temple at Ellora), rather than for arches or domes.
Potential Exam Questions and Answers:
Question: Whose tomb is considered the first complete Islamic tomb in India?
Answer: The Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Balban.
Question: Who commissioned the construction of the 'Alai Darwaza'?
Answer: Alauddin Khilji.