Neither the Chola nor the Chera dynasty was directly responsible for the establishment of:
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Explanation
The correct answer is option 4 i.e. Bahmani kingdom.
The Chola and Chera dynasties were prominent South Indian powers known for their contributions to culture and administration. The Cholas actively carried out naval expeditions to Southeast Asia, expanding trade and influence. Both dynasties also supported the Tamil literary renaissance, encouraging the growth of classical Tamil literature. Additionally, temple-centered practices like the Devadasi system were associated with South Indian religious traditions under such rulers.
However, the Bahmani kingdom was established in the Deccan region in 1347 by Alauddin Bahman Shah, long after the decline of the Chola and Chera dynasties. It was a separate Islamic Sultanate and not connected to their rule or initiatives.