In what year did Johannes Nicolaus Bronsted and Thomas Martin Lowry introduce their key concept of acids and bases?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Explanation
The correct answer is option 4 i.e. 1923.
Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted and Thomas Martin Lowry independently proposed the fundamental concept of acids and bases in 1923. Their theory, known as the Bronsted-Lowry theory, defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors. This concept broadened the understanding of acid-base reactions beyond aqueous solutions, allowing for a more comprehensive interpretation of chemical behavior in various environments. Their work marked a significant advancement in the field of chemistry, influencing subsequent research and education.