A patient is diagnosed with a deficiency of ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone). Which of the following conditions would they most likely exhibit?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Explanation
Solution: The correct answer is Excessive urination and thirst.
Explanation:
☛ ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone), also known as Vasopressin, is synthesized by the hypothalamus and released into the bloodstream by the posterior pituitary gland.
☛ Its primary physiological function is to stimulate water reabsorption by acting on the collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys.
☛ A deficiency or lack of ADH impairs the kidneys' ability to conserve water, leading to a condition known as Diabetes Insipidus.
☛ Patients with this condition produce large volumes of dilute urine (polyuria), which in turn triggers severe and persistent thirst (polydipsia).
Extra Exam-Relevant Facts:
☛ High blood sugar levels: Primarily caused by a deficiency or ineffective use of insulin, a condition known as Diabetes Mellitus.
☛ Reduced calcium levels in blood: Regulated by Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and Calcitonin; hypoparathyroidism leads to low blood calcium.
☛ Consumption of alcohol inhibits the secretion of ADH, causing temporary dehydration and frequent urination.
☛ The posterior pituitary does not synthesize hormones; it only stores and releases ADH and Oxytocin produced by the hypothalamus.
Important One-Liners for Upcoming Exams:
☛ Which endocrine gland is commonly referred to as the 'Master Gland'? → Pituitary gland
☛ Which hormone is responsible for milk ejection during breastfeeding and uterine contractions? → Oxytocin
☛ Where is Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) synthesized in the human body? → Hypothalamus
☛ Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake in cells? → Insulin
☛ Which gland secretes Calcitonin to help regulate blood calcium levels? → Thyroid gland