Who authored the treatise 'Arthasastra' that deals primarily with statecraft?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 1: Kautilya.
Explanation:
- The ancient Indian treatise 'Arthashastra' was authored by Kautilya. He is also known by the names Chanakya and Vishnugupta.
- Subject Matter: Despite its title 'Arthashastra' (which literally translates to 'Economics'), it is primarily a comprehensive treatise focused on statecraft, politics, military strategy, and administrative policies.
- Structure: This treatise is written in the Sanskrit language and comprises 15 Adhikaranas (books/parts) and Prakaranas (chapters).
- Historical Context: Kautilya served as the Prime Minister and mentor (Guru) to Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Mauryan dynasty. This treatise played a pivotal role in strengthening the administrative framework of the Mauryan Empire.
Analysis of Other Options:
- Ashoka (Option 2): A great emperor of the Mauryan dynasty, known for his edicts and for propagating Dhamma (righteousness/religion).
- Vishakhadatta (Option 3): He authored the famous play 'Mudrarakshasa,' which narrates the story of Chandragupta Maurya's rise to power.
- Megasthenes (Option 4): A Greek ambassador who visited the court of Chandragupta Maurya. He wrote a book about India titled 'Indica.'
Key Principles of the Arthashastra:
Saptanga Theory: Kautilya identified seven constituent elements (limbs) of the State—Svami (the King), Amatya (the Minister), Janapada (Territory and Population), Durga (the Fort), Kosha (the Treasury), Danda (the Army), and Mitra (the Ally). 2. Mandala Theory: This pertains to foreign policy and diplomacy (e.g., the principle that 'the enemy of an enemy is a friend').
Espionage System: The treatise emphasizes the necessity of a robust espionage network to ensure the security of the State.
Important Questions for Upcoming Examinations:
Question: What was Kautilya's childhood name?
Answer: Vishnugupta.
Question: Which ancient treatise is associated with the 'Saptanga Theory'?
Answer: Arthashastra (Kautilya).
Question: What is the name of the primary foreign source that provides information regarding the Mauryan administration? Answer: Megasthenes' 'Indica'