Who among the following criticised the Moderates for their “politics of prayer”?
I. Bepin Chandra Pal
II. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
III. Lala Lajpat Rai
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Explanation
During the Indian independence movement, Bipin Chandra Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Lala Lajpat Rai, collectively known as Lal-Bal-Pal, were the most vocal critics of the moderates' "politics of supplication."
Main reasons for criticism:
The extremists believed that the moderates' demands for self-rule through petitions, resolutions, and delegations amounted to "political begging."
Lal-Bal-Pal believed that independence would be achieved not by the grace of the British, but through the struggle, sacrifice, and self-reliance of Indians themselves.
While the moderates advocated constitutional reforms, these leaders declared Swaraj as their ultimate goal.