Which type of rocks is formed at relatively high temperatures and by crystallization of solids?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Explanation
The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Igneous rocks.
Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification (crystallization) of molten magma or lava at relatively high temperatures. This process can occur either beneath the Earth's surface (forming intrusive or plutonic igneous rocks like granite) or on the surface after a volcanic eruption (forming extrusive or volcanic rocks like basalt). As the molten material cools, minerals crystallize to form solid rock. Igneous rocks are the first type of rock in the rock cycle and provide important insights into Earth's internal processes. Their texture and composition depend on the rate of cooling and the chemical makeup of the magma.
Other Options:
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Volcanic rocks: A subcategory of igneous rocks formed from lava at the Earth's surface, but not the broader category.
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Metamorphic rocks: Formed from existing rocks under heat and pressure, but not from crystallization of molten material.
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Sedimentary rocks: Formed by compaction and cementation of sediments, usually at low temperatures and pressures.