Which of the following vocal forms is characterized by its emphasis on the intricate development of a single raga, often with a slow, elaborate alaap followed by compositions set to complex talas?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Explanation
Solution: The correct answer is Dhrupad.
Explanation:
☛ Dhrupad is the oldest living genre of Hindustani classical vocal music, known for its serious, spiritual, and austere character.
☛ It is characterized by an extensive, meditative, and improvised Alaap that unfolds the chosen raga without instrumental rhythm, emphasizing microtones (shrutis).
☛ The alap is followed by Jor and Jhala, leading into a four-part poetic composition (Sthayi, Antara, Sanchari, and Abhog).
☛ These compositions are traditionally set to complex talas such as Chautal (12 beats), Dhamar (14 beats), and Sooltal (10 beats).
Extra Exam-Relevant Facts:
☛ Accompanying Instrument: Dhrupad is traditionally accompanied by the Pakhawaj (barrel drum) and the Tanpura, rather than the Tabla.
☛ Four Banis: Dhrupad has four historical stylistic branches (Banis): Gauhar, Khandar, Nauhar, and Dagar.
☛ Khayal: Literally meaning 'imagination', it evolved later with greater freedom, rapid note patterns (taans), and is accompanied by the Tabla.
☛ Thumri: A semi-classical romantic-devotional vocal style that originated in eastern Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow and Banaras).
☛ Tappa: A semi-classical vocal style derived from the folk melodies of Punjabi camel drivers, characterized by fast, intricate, and jerky tonal movements.
Important One-Liners for Upcoming Exams:
☛ Which percussion instrument is traditionally used as rhythm accompaniment in Dhrupad? → Pakhawaj
☛ Which ruler of Gwalior played a pivotal role in the revival and patronage of Dhrupad? → Raja Man Singh Tomar
☛ Who was the legendary Dhrupad maestro present in the court of Mughal Emperor Akbar? → Miyan Tansen
☛ The four stylistic schools of Dhrupad singing are traditionally called what? → Banis
☛ The semi-classical style 'Tappa' originated from the folk songs of which region? → Punjab