which of the following systems can be affected by a solar storm?
1. GPS signal accuracy
2. Power transmission systems
3. Submarine communication cables
4. Pipeline infrastructure
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 4: 1, 2, 3, and 4 (All of these).
Detailed Analysis & SolutionA Solar Storm (or Geomagnetic Storm) occurs when the Sun emits a large burst of energy in the form of solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). These disturbances send a stream of charged particles toward Earth, interacting with our magnetic field and ionosphere.
GPS Signal Accuracy: Solar storms cause disturbances in the Ionosphere, the layer of the atmosphere through which GPS signals travel. This can cause signal delays or "scintillation," leading to errors in position tracking or even a total loss of signal.
Power Transmission Systems: The changing magnetic field during a storm induces Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) in the Earth's surface. These currents can enter power grids through ground connections, potentially saturating transformers, causing blackouts, or permanently damaging equipment.
Submarine Communication Cables: Long-distance fiber-optic cables under the ocean use repeaters (amplifiers) to boost signals. These repeaters are powered by copper wires that are vulnerable to induced currents during solar storms, which can disrupt global internet and communication traffic.
Pipeline Infrastructure: Long metal pipelines (carrying oil, gas, or water) can act as conductors for induced currents. This accelerates electrolytic corrosion of the pipeline, weakening the structure over time and potentially leading to leaks or bursts.
Potential Competition QuestionsQ1. What is the primary cause of a Geomagnetic Storm?
Answer: Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) from the Sun
Q2. Which layer of the Earth's atmosphere is most disturbed by solar activity, affecting radio communications?
Answer: Ionosphere