Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the policy rationale and implementation challenges associated with the identification and development of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in India?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Explanation
Solution: The correct answer is PVTGs are identified based on characteristics such as pre-agricultural level of technology, stagnant or declining population, low literacy, and economic backwardness; however, there is no mechanism under the Constitution for periodic review or addition of new PVTGs.
Explanation:
☛ Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) are a more vulnerable sub-category among the Scheduled Tribes in India.
☛ In 1973, the Dhebar Commission created 'Primitive Tribal Groups' (PTGs) as a distinct class, which was renamed as PVTGs in 2006.
☛ The Government of India identifies PVTGs based on four specific criteria:
1. Pre-agricultural level of technology (such as hunting and gathering).
2. Stagnant or declining population growth.
3. Extremely low level of literacy.
4. Subsistence level of economy.
☛ The Constitution of India contains no formal provision or institutional mechanism for periodic decennial reviews or automatic revision/addition of groups to the PVTG list.
Extra Exam-Relevant Facts:
☛ There are currently 75 recognized PVTGs spread across 18 States and 1 Union Territory (Andaman and Nicobar Islands).
☛ Odisha has the highest number of PVTGs in India, with 13 recognized groups.
☛ In the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 5 indigenous communities are classified as PVTGs: Great Andamanese, Jarawa, Onge, Sentinelese, and Shompen.
☛ In 2023, the Government launched the PM-PVTG Development Mission and PM-JANMAN (Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan) to provide basic amenities like housing, clean water, and roads to PVTG households.
Important One-Liners for Upcoming Exams:
☛ Which commission recommended the creation of Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) in 1973? → Dhebar Commission
☛ In which year was the term 'Primitive Tribal Groups' renamed as 'Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups'? → 2006
☛ What is the total number of recognized PVTGs in India? → 75
☛ Which Indian State has the highest number of PVTG communities? → Odisha (13)
☛ Which government mission was launched in 2023 for the comprehensive welfare of PVTGs? → PM-JANMAN