Which of the following statements most accurately describes a key difference between the Mathura and Gandhara schools of art, as broadly understood in Indian architectural history?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Explanation
The correct answer is option 4 i.e. Mathura art depicted Buddha in an indigenous Yaksha-like style, whereas Gandhara art reflected Hellenistic (Greco-Roman) features.
The Mathura School developed indigenously, portraying Buddha with a fleshy body, shaved head, and smiling face, drawing inspiration from ancient Yaksha figures. In contrast, the Gandhara School (located in modern-day Pakistan/Afghanistan) was heavily influenced by Greco-Roman styles. Here, Buddha was depicted with wavy hair, muscular anatomy, and heavy Roman-style drapery, resembling the Greek god Apollo. While Mathura used spotted red sandstone, Gandhara primarily used blue-grey schist or green phyllite.