Which of the following statements best highlights the significance of Birsa Munda’s Ulgulan Movement in the context of tribal resistance during British colonial rule?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Explanation
Correct Answer: It demanded the restoration of tribal land rights and challenged the 'Dikus'.
Explanation:
- Ulgulan (The Great Tumult): This rebellion took place in the Chotanagpur region (present-day Jharkhand) during 1899–1900 under the leadership of Birsa Munda.
- Dikus: Birsa Munda referred to outsiders—such as moneylenders, landlords, and missionaries—as 'Dikus'; these outsiders were exploiting the tribals and destroying their traditional 'Khuntkatti' (communal farming) system.
- Objective: The primary objective of this movement was to re-establish the tribals' traditional rights over their water, forests, and land, and to establish an independent 'Munda Raj' (Munda Rule).
- Outcome: Although the rebellion was suppressed, the pressure it exerted compelled the British government to enact the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act (CNT Act) in 1908, which prohibited the transfer of tribal land to non-tribals.
Key Points regarding Birsa Munda and the Movement:
- Birsa-it: Birsa Munda initiated a new religious sect that emphasized monotheism (worship of one God) and social reforms.
- Slogan: His famous slogan was—'Abua Raj Ete Jana, Maharani Raj Tundu Jana' (Our rule has begun, and the Queen's rule has ended).
- Janjatiya Gaurav Divas (Tribal Pride Day): His birth anniversary, November 15th, is observed by the Government of India as 'Janjatiya Gaurav Divas'.
Important Questions for Upcoming Examinations:
- Question: What is the meaning of the term 'Ulgulan'?
- Answer: The Great Tumult.
- Question: In which year was the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act (CNT Act) passed?
- Answer: 1908.
- Question: By what name did Birsa Munda's followers address him?
- Answer: Dharti Aaba (Father of the Earth).