SSC Stenographer 2026 PYQ — Question 25

Solution: The correct answer is Flippers of a whale and forelimbs of a human.

Explanation:
☛ Homologous organs are organs that have a similar basic anatomical structure and embryonic origin, but perform different functions in different organisms.
☛ The flippers of a whale and the forelimbs of a human share the same underlying skeletal pattern (humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges).
☛ While humans use their forelimbs for grasping and manipulation, whales use their flippers for swimming.
☛ Homologous structures are a result of divergent evolution, showing that these organisms share a common ancestor.

Extra Exam-Relevant Facts:
☛ Wings of a bird and wings of a butterfly: These are analogous organs because they perform the same function (flying) but have completely different anatomical structures and embryonic origins.
☛ Eyes of an octopus and eyes of a human: These are also analogous organs that evolved independently to fulfill the function of vision.
☛ Sweet potato and potato: These are analogous structures for food storage; sweet potato is a modified root, whereas potato is a modified stem.
☛ Analogous organs indicate convergent evolution, where unrelated species develop similar traits due to adaptation to similar environmental pressures.

Important One-Liners for Upcoming Exams:
☛ What type of evolution gives rise to homologous organs? → Divergent evolution
☛ What type of evolution gives rise to analogous organs? → Convergent evolution
☛ Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita are examples of which type of organs? → Homologous organs
☛ Organs that have lost their original function through evolution are called what? → Vestigial organs
☛ Which organ in the human digestive system is considered a vestigial organ? → Vermiform appendix