Which of the following elements of Yakshagana most accurately distinguishes it from other Indian folk-theatre traditions such as Therukoothu (Tamil Nadu) and Jatra (Bengal) in terms of structure, performance dynamics, and cultural synthesis?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Explanation
Solution: The correct answer is Unique combination of dance-drama, improvised dialogues, live music, and distinctive make-up and costumes, performed overnight in open-air settings with a dual structure of Himmela (musicians) and Mummela (actors).
Explanation:
☛ Yakshagana is a traditional theatre form of Karnataka that combines dance, music, dialogue, costume, make-up, and stage techniques with a unique style and form.
☛ A key structural feature of Yakshagana is its clear division into two troupes: Himmela (the background musical ensemble) and Mummela (the foreground actors and dancers).
☛ The Bhagavata serves as the chief singer and director within the Himmela, playing cymbals and narrating the story, accompanied by percussion instruments such as the Chande and Maddale.
☛ Unlike purely scripted theatre, the actors (Mummela) improvise dialogues spontaneously on the spot based on poetic verses known as Prasangas.
☛ The performance traditionally takes place in open-air paddies or temple courtyards, lasting from dusk to dawn with elaborate headgear (Pagade) and vibrant face make-up.
Extra Exam-Relevant Facts:
☛ Two Major Styles of Yakshagana: It is primarily divided into Badagutittu (northern style, popular in Uttara Kannada) and Tenkutittu (southern style, popular in Dakshina Kannada and Udupi).
☛ Therukoothu: A traditional open-air folk theatre form of Tamil Nadu, traditionally performed during temple festivals honoring Draupadi Amman.
☛ Jatra: A popular folk-theatre tradition of West Bengal, Odisha, and Assam, heavily popularized during the Bhakti movement by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.
☛ Bhavai: The traditional folk theatre form of Gujarat and parts of Rajasthan, featuring swift dance steps and musical narration by the Nayaka.
Important One-Liners for Upcoming Exams:
☛ In Yakshagana, who acts as the primary narrator, director, and lead singer? → Bhagavata
☛ The verses and musical scripts that form the core narrative of Yakshagana are called? → Prasanga
☛ Which Indian folk theatre originated during the Bhakti movement in Assam under Srimanta Sankardev? → Ankia Naat (Bhaona)
☛ Which traditional folk theatre of Maharashtra is famous for the Lavani dance? → Tamasha
☛ Which ritualistic dance-drama of Kerala was inscribed on UNESCO's Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2010? → Mudiyettu