Which of the following Acts had provided the establishment of the Federal Court in British India?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Explanation
The correct answer is option 2 i.e. The Government of India Act, 1935.
The Federal Court of India was established under the provisions of the Government of India Act, 1935. It was set up in 1937 and functioned as the highest judicial authority in British India until the establishment of the Supreme Court of India in 1950. The court had jurisdiction over disputes between provinces and princely states, and also handled appeals from High Courts in certain constitutional matters.
The other Acts listed—Indian Councils Act of 1892 and 1909, and the Government of India Act, 1858—were concerned mainly with legislative and administrative reforms, not the judicial structure.
Other Options:
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The Indian Councils Act, 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms): Focused on expanding legislative councils and introducing separate electorates.
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The Indian Councils Act, 1892: Increased Indian participation in legislative councils but had no judicial provisions.
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The Government of India Act, 1858: Abolished the East India Company and transferred power to the British Crown, but did not deal with a federal judiciary.