SSC CGL 2025 PYQ — Question 32

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. Magadha.

Between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE, Magadha emerged as the most powerful Mahajanapada for several reasons. Geographically, it was protected by the natural fortification of the Rajgir hills and later the strategic location of Pataliputra at the confluence of rivers. Economically, the fertile Gangetic plains provided surplus grain, while nearby iron ore deposits in modern-day Jharkhand allowed for the creation of superior weapons.

Its rise was fueled by ambitious rulers like Bimbisara and Ajatashatru, and the first use of elephants in warfare.

Brief Overview of Options:

• Avanti: A major rival to Magadha located in central India; it was known for its capital Ujjain and strong metallurgical industry.

• Kuru: Once powerful during the Vedic period (located near modern Delhi), its political influence had significantly declined by this era.

• Gandhara: Situated in the far northwest (modern Pakistan/Afghanistan), it was a center of learning and trade but fell to Persian conquest in the 6th century BCE.