Which group provided the backbone of the Maratha army?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 3: Kunbi.
Explanation:
The main pillar of the Maratha Empire's military strength consisted of the farmer-warriors of the Kunbi community.
Farmer-Warriors: The Kunbis were primarily an agrarian community that joined the Maratha army as skilled warriors during times of war.
Shivaji Maharaj's Strategy: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj organized these local farmers and trained them in the techniques of guerrilla warfare. These warriors were intimately familiar with the rugged terrain of the Deccan region (mountains and forests), which gave them a distinct advantage against the Mughals and other rival powers.
Mobility: Kunbi warriors were renowned for their mobility. They could traverse long distances with minimal logistics and were adept at launching surprise attacks.
Analysis of Other Options:
- Ur – Option 1: During the Chola Empire, village assemblies were referred to as 'Ur'. This term pertains to South Indian history.
- Zamindar – Option 2: These were landowners responsible for collecting revenue. Although some Zamindars maintained their own private militias, they did not constitute the primary social base of the Maratha army.
- Mansabdar – Option 4: This was an integral part of the Mughal administrative and military system. Shivaji Maharaj, however, prioritized a centralized and salaried military structure over this feudal system.
Additional Facts (Maratha Military System):
Paga: The regular cavalrymen of the Maratha army were known as 'Bargirs'; they were provided with horses and weapons by the state.
Shilahdar: These were cavalrymen who owned their own horses and weapons.
Mawali: The most trusted and valorous warriors of Shivaji Maharaj's infantry were the local inhabitants of the 'Mawal' region. Probable Questions for Upcoming Exams:
Question: What was the main difference between a 'Bargir' and a 'Shilahdar' in the Maratha army?
Answer: Bargirs received horses from the state, whereas Shilahdars possessed their own horses.
Question: What was the primary basis of Shivaji Maharaj's war strategy?
Answer: Guerrilla warfare (Ganimi Kava).
Question: Which ruler is associated with the 'Ashtapradhan' council?
Answer: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.