Which Chola ruler is credited with the extensive overseas expedition to Southeast Asia, particularly against the Srivijaya Empire?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Explanation
Answer: Rajendra I
Explanation
Rajendra I (1014–1044 AD), the son of Rajaraja I, was one of the greatest military commanders in Indian history. He is best known for transforming the Chola Navy into a formidable force that dominated the Indian Ocean.
The Srivijaya Expedition (1025 AD): Rajendra I launched a massive naval campaign against the Srivijaya Kingdom (covering modern-day Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Strait of Malacca).
The Motive: The Cholas wanted to ensure free trade with China. The Srivijaya rulers were obstructing the trade routes through the Malacca Strait to extract heavy taxes.
The Outcome: The Chola navy successfully captured several ports, including Kedah (Kadaram) and Sumatra. To commemorate this victory, Rajendra I took the title 'Kadaram Kondan' (Conqueror of Kadaram).
Key Facts for Exams
Titles: He earned titles like 'Gangaikonda' (Conqueror of the Ganges) after his successful campaign to North India and 'Kadaram Kondan' for his overseas victories.
New Capital: He established a new capital city called Gangaikondacholapuram and built a magnificent temple there, similar to the Brihadisvara Temple of Thanjavur.
Exam-Related Practice Questions
Q: What was the primary reason for Rajendra I's naval attack on the Srivijaya Empire?
Answer: To remove trade obstacles in the sea route to China and secure maritime trade interests.