SSC CHSL 2025 PYQ — Question 98

The correct answer is Option 2: Syadvada.
Explanation:

• Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism, developed the philosophical system of Syadvada. This is an extremely significant and scientific principle within Jain philosophy.
• Meaning of Syadvada: Its literal meaning is the 'Theory of Relativity.' According to this theory, any object or truth possesses multiple facets, and our knowledge constitutes merely one of these facets. Therefore, rather than regarding any judgment as the absolute truth, it should be expressed with the qualifier 'perhaps' (Syat).
• Anekantavada: Syadvada is also described as the practical application of Anekantavada. It teaches that, instead of holding a narrow perspective regarding the truth, one should also respect the viewpoints of others.
• Saptabhangi Naya: Under the framework of Syadvada, seven types of statements (judgments) are possible; these are collectively referred to as 'Saptabhangi Naya.'

Historical Analysis of Other Options (Quick Revision):

• Ajivika (Option 1): This sect was founded by Makkhali Gosala. This sect subscribed to the doctrine of 'Niyativada' (Fatalism/Destiny).
• Vedanta (Option 3): This is one of the six major schools of Hindu philosophy (Shaddarshana), based on the Upanishads. Badarayana is considered its founder.
• Mimamsa (Option 4): This, too, is a part of the Shaddarshana. Maharishi Jaimini is regarded as the proponent of Purva-Mimamsa.

Important Questions for Upcoming Examinations:
Question: Which philosophical school of ancient India is associated with the 'Theory of Relativity'?
Answer: Jain Philosophy (Syadvada).
Question: What constitute the 'Three Jewels' (Triratna) of Jainism?
Answer: Samyak Darshan (Right Faith), Samyak Gyan (Right Knowledge), and Samyak Charitra (Right Conduct). Question: In which language did Lord Mahavir deliver his teachings?
Answer: Prakrit (Ardhamagadhi).