Under the BSA, 2023, oral evidence must be:
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Explanation
The correct answer is option 1 i.e. Direct and related to what the witness saw or heard.
Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023, which replaced the Indian Evidence Act, the rule for oral evidence remains that it must be direct. This means if the evidence refers to a fact which could be seen, heard, or perceived by any other sense, it must be the evidence of the witness who says they saw, heard, or perceived it. This principle ensures reliability by excluding "hearsay" or second-hand information, maintaining that the witness must have personal, first-hand knowledge of the facts.