The Rigveda points to an organized society. What kind of marriage existed there?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Explanation
Correct Answer
Monogamy was general rule but some princes practiced polygamy
Explanation
In the Rigvedic period, the basic unit of society was the family, which was patriarchal in nature. Marriage was considered a sacred bond during this era, and to ensure the smooth functioning of the social order, "monogamy" (one man marrying only one woman) was the general and widely accepted norm of society.
However, instances of "polygamy" (having more than one wife) are found among the higher strata of society, such as kings, chieftains, and princes, largely due to luxury, prestige, and political alliances. But this practice was strictly confined to the wealthy or ruling class, and not prevalent among the common masses. Therefore, in Rigvedic society, monogamy was the primary rule while polygamy was an exception.
Key Points
Monogamy was generally practiced in Rigvedic society.
Polygamy was permitted, but it was primarily restricted to kings and the aristocratic class.
The institution of marriage was considered highly sacred, and 'Suktas' (hymns) were recited at the time of wedding rituals.
Child marriage was not prevalent during this period; girls married only after attaining maturity.
Additional Facts
A famous 'Vivaha Sukta' (Marriage Hymn) is found in the 10th Mandala of the Rigveda, which sheds light on Vedic marriage traditions and ideals.
Women in the Rigvedic period enjoyed a certain degree of freedom in choosing their life partners, a practice that later evolved into the 'Swayamvara' tradition.
The practice of 'Niyoga' (levirate marriage) is also mentioned during this era, under which a woman could conceive a child with her brother-in-law in case of childlessness or the untimely death of her husband.
Although the society was patriarchal, the presence of the wife was considered mandatory in religious rituals, and she was referred to as 'Jayadastam' (meaning the wife herself is the home).
Important Questions
Question: In which Mandala of the Rigveda is the Vivaha Sukta (Marriage Hymn) found?
Answer: In the 10th Mandala.
Question: What was the nature of the family and marriage system during the Rigvedic period?
Answer: The family structure was patriarchal, and monogamy was practiced as the general rule in the marriage system.