The laws governing the Supreme Court of India and the concept of ‘procedures established by law’ were adopted from the Constitution of ______.
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Explanation
The correct answer is option 1 i.e. Japan.
The laws governing the Supreme Court of India and the concept of "procedure established by law" were adopted from the Constitution of Japan. While India's judiciary draws structural influence from the U.S. model—like judicial review and separation of powers—the phrase “procedure established by law” in Article 21 of the Indian Constitution originates from the Japanese Constitution. This doctrine implies that if a law is duly enacted by the legislature, its procedure is valid. Initially, it limited judicial scrutiny of laws. However, after the landmark Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978), the Supreme Court interpreted it to include fairness, reasonableness, and justice.