The concept of "Reasonable Classification" as a limitation to the Right to Equality (Article 14) was established in which case?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 2 i.e. State of West Bengal v. Anwar Ali Sarkar.
In this landmark case, the Supreme Court established that while Article 14 forbids "class legislation," it does not forbid "reasonable classification." The court ruled that for a classification to be valid, it must satisfy two conditions: it must be based on an intelligible differentia (a clear distinction between those grouped and those left out) and that differentia must have a rational nexus (logical connection) to the object sought to be achieved by the statute.
Other Options:
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Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973): Established the "Basic Structure Doctrine," stating that Parliament cannot amend the essential features of the Constitution.
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Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978): Expanded the scope of Article 21 and introduced the "Golden Triangle" concept linking Articles 14, 19, and 21.
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Golaknath Case v. State of Punjab & Others (1967): Ruled that Fundamental Rights are transcendental and the Parliament has no power to curtail them through amendments.