Shivaji's exploits against which forces made him a legendary figure?
I. Mughal
II. Bijapur
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 3: Both I and II.
Explanation:
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's daring exploits and military prowess established him as a towering figure in Indian history. He primarily waged struggles against the following two major powers:
1. The Mughals: Shivaji Maharaj strongly opposed the expansionist policies of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. His exploits against the Mughals—such as the Sack of Surat (1664), his clever escape from imprisonment in Agra, and the Treaty of Purandar (1665)—are renowned in history.
2. Bijapur: Shivaji commenced his military campaigns against the Adil Shahi Sultanate of Bijapur. The slaying of Afzal Khan (1659) stands as one of the most pivotal events of his life, an act that shook the very foundations of Bijapur's power.
Additional Facts:
- Guerrilla Warfare: Shivaji Maharaj is regarded as the pioneer of guerrilla warfare (hit-and-run tactics) in India. By effectively utilizing the rugged, inaccessible terrain of the hills, he repeatedly defeated much larger armies.
- Father of the Navy: He established a formidable naval force, a feat for which he is hailed as the 'Father of the Indian Navy.'
- Coronation: Shivaji Maharaj's coronation took place on June 6, 1674, at Raigad Fort, where he assumed the title of 'Chhatrapati.'
- Ashtapradhan: His administration was guided by a council of eight ministers known as the 'Ashtapradhan' (including the Peshwa, Amatya, Sachiv, etc.).
Potential Questions for Upcoming Exams:
Question: Which Sultan's commander—'Afzal Khan'—was slain by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer: The Sultan of Bijapur (Adil Shah).
Question: In which year was the 'Treaty of Purandar' signed between Shivaji Maharaj and the Mughals?
Answer: In 1665 (between Mirza Raja Jai Singh and Shivaji).
Question: By what name was Shivaji Maharaj's council of ministers known? Answer: Ashtapradhan.