Sedimentary rocks are formed by the process of deposition and compaction of fragments of rocks of various sizes. This process is called:
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Explanation
The correct answer is option 4 i.e. lithification.
Lithification is the process by which sedimentary rocks are formed through the deposition, compaction, and cementation of rock fragments, mineral grains, and organic materials. Over time, layers of sediment accumulate under pressure, and minerals bind the particles together, turning loose sediments into solid rock. This process occurs mostly in riverbeds, oceans, and lakes where sediments settle in layers.
Other options:
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Weathering is the breaking down of rocks into smaller particles.
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Liquefaction is when saturated soil temporarily loses strength due to stress, often during earthquakes.
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Lacoliths are dome-shaped igneous intrusions, not sedimentary formations.