Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
1.Some Pen are Ink.
2. Some Paper are Ink.
Conclusions:
(I) All Ink are Pen.
(II) Some Pens are Paper.
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Explanation
Given statements:
- Some Pen are Ink (I-type)
- Some Paper are Ink (I-type)
Checking Conclusion I: 'All Ink are Pen'
From 'Some Pen are Ink,' we only know that some Ink overlaps with Pen — this doesn't tell us anything about all Ink. There could easily be Ink that is not Pen at all.
→ Conclusion I does NOT follow.
Checking Conclusion II: 'Some Pens are Paper'
Both statements are I-type (particular affirmative) statements sharing a common term 'Ink,' but two particular statements cannot yield a valid conclusion connecting Pen and Paper directly (this violates a basic rule of syllogism: two particular premises give no valid conclusion).
It's entirely possible that the 'Pen' that is 'Ink' and the 'Paper' that is 'Ink' refer to completely different, non-overlapping portions of Ink.
→ Conclusion II does NOT follow.
Conclusion: Neither I nor II follows from the given statements.