Read the following statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct option:
Assertion (A): Spark Torch Igniters are being increasingly incorporated into advanced rocket engine designs for next-generation launch vehicles.
Reason (R): They provide superior multi-restart capability and consistent, reliable ignition in extreme conditions, allowing for more complex mission profiles and enabling engine reusability.
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Explanation
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
- In modern space technology—particularly for reusable rockets and complex missions—the significance of spark torch igniters has increased substantially.
- Assertion (A) is correct because agencies like ISRO and SpaceX are prioritizing spark torch igniters over traditional pyrotechnic igniters in their next-generation engines (such as ISRO's CE-20 engine or liquid oxygen-methane engines). Reason (R) is also entirely true and provides the correct explanation for (A). Traditional igniters can be used only once, whereas spark igniters ignite the fuel using an electric spark, making it easier to restart the engine multiple times while in space. This capability is indispensable for placing satellites into precise orbits and for safely landing the first stage of a rocket back on Earth. Furthermore, they remain highly reliable even under conditions of extreme temperature and pressure.
Additional Points:
- Technical Advantages: Spark torch igniters reduce the use of chemicals, thereby lowering the engine's weight and simplifying maintenance.
- ISRO's Achievement: In May 2024, ISRO successfully tested a 'spark torch igniter' for an engine powered by liquid oxygen and liquid methane—a development crucial for future NGLVs (Next Generation Launch Vehicles).
Potential Exam Questions and Answers:
Question: What mixture of gases does a 'spark torch igniter' primarily utilize?
Answer: Typically, a mixture of hydrogen/methane and oxygen.
Question: Which ISRO engine has recently been upgraded to feature multi-restart capability?
Answer: The CE-20 cryogenic engine.
Question: What is the primary limitation of 'pyrotechnic igniters' in rocket engines? Answer: These can be used only once.