SSC Stenographer 2026 PYQ — Question 19

Solution: The correct answer is Frequent climate-related disasters like floods and heatwaves, and vulnerability due to population density.
Explanation:
☛ The Global Climate Risk Index (CRI) is published annually by the non-profit environmental organization Germanwatch.
☛ India's high ranking reflects its severe exposure to extreme weather events, including tropical cyclones, catastrophic floods, erratic monsoons, and severe heatwaves.
☛ India's high population density and substantial dependence on climate-sensitive livelihoods like agriculture significantly amplify its socio-economic vulnerability.
☛ Massive fatalities and severe economic losses caused by these recurring natural disasters place immense strain on the country's disaster preparedness and relief infrastructure.
Extra Exam-Relevant Facts:
☛ Germanwatch: An independent development and environmental NGO founded in 1991, headquartered in Bonn, Germany.
☛ Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI): Another prominent index published annually by Germanwatch along with the NewClimate Institute and Climate Action Network.
☛ Disaster Management Act, 2005: Enacted to provide effective management of disasters in India, leading to the creation of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA).
☛ Sendai Framework (2015–2030): A 15-year voluntary international agreement adopted at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan.
Important One-Liners for Upcoming Exams:
☛ Which organization releases the Global Climate Risk Index? → Germanwatch
☛ In which year was the Disaster Management Act passed in India? → 2005
☛ Who serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)? → Prime Minister of India
☛ Which global framework for disaster risk reduction was adopted in 2015 to succeed the Hyogo Framework? → Sendai Framework
☛ Under which ministry does the India Meteorological Department (IMD) operate? → Ministry of Earth Sciences