SSC Stenographer 2026 PYQ — Question 116

In the given passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage intently and choose the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4:
A plethora of cognitive and affective factors shape the intricate process of human decision-making. Even though we often believe that our choices are rationalized entirely, studies have shown that heuristics—or implicit bias and mental shortcuts—play a significant role. For example, the (1)_____ effect leads people to put great weight on the first bit of information they gather, even if it is irrelevant. This can mislead judgment and result in faulty conclusions.
Another usual bias is (2)_____, in which individuals search for information that validates their current assumptions while overlooking opposing evidence. This trend perpetuates stereotypes and might inhibit critical thinking. Emotional states also influence choices; an anxious person might become more cautious, while someone who is euphoric might take (3)_____ risks.
In addition, social pressures must not be ignored. The need to follow group norms, referred to as (4)_____, can cause people to make decisions they would not otherwise make. This is particularly clear in high-stress situations such as corporate boardrooms or political campaigns.
Knowing these psychological processes is critical to enhancing decision-making. Through increased awareness of our own biases and the ability to challenge our assumptions, we can make more (5)_____ decisions that balance logic with empathy.