How many major theories have been established on the origin of iron in India?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Explanation
The correct answer is option 4 i.e. Two.
Two major theories have been established regarding the origin of iron in India:
1. Diffusionist Theory:
It proposes that the knowledge of iron smelting and use was introduced to India through cultural or technological diffusion from other civilizations, such as Mesopotamia, Anatolia, or the Middle East.
2. Indigenous Development Theory:
It argues that the knowledge of ironworking developed independently within the Indian subcontinent. It has evidence from archaeological sites, such as Ahar (Rajasthan), Malhar (Uttar Pradesh), and the Vindhyan region, showing the presence of iron tools and furnaces dating back to the 16th–13th century BCE.