Determine the correctly matched pair for Gupta-era obligations.
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Explanation
The correct answer is option 1 i.e. Dasaparadha -- fines from ten offences.
In the Gupta administration, Dasaparadha refers to a judicial tax or fine collected for committing ten specific types of crimes or "offences." These usually included three physical acts (theft, murder, adultery), four oral acts (harsh words, lying, slandering, incoherent talk), and three mental acts (coveting others' property, thinking of harm, adherence to wrong views). The state granted the right to collect these fines to donees in many land grants, making it a significant source of local revenue and a key feature of the Gupta-era legal and fiscal system.
Analysis of Other Options:
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Bhoga: This was the periodic supply of fruit, firewood, and flowers to the king, not a free-labour levy.
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Adeya: This term refers to "that which is to be handed over" or paid, usually relating to taxes on items like salt or fermented liquors.
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Dhanya: This refers to the share of grain (harvest) paid to the state as tax, whereas forced labour was known as Vishti.