All living organisms on the Earth are made up of carbon compounds. Many years ago, dead and buried plants started slowly modifying into coal under high temperature and high pressure. This process is called:
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Explanation
The correct answer is option 2 i.e. carbonization.
The process by which dead and buried plant material transforms into coal over millions of years under high temperature and pressure is called carbonization. During this process, plant remains are subjected to intense geological conditions deep within the Earth. Over time, moisture and volatile substances are expelled, and the carbon content increases, resulting in the formation of coal. This transformation occurs in stages—from peat to lignite, then to bituminous coal, and finally anthracite. Carbonization is a crucial part of the carbon cycle, and it explains why all living organisms are made up of carbon compounds derived from ancient organic matter.