According to Jaina ethics, the vow of 'aparigraha' refers to ______
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 4: Non-possession (non-accumulation) of objects beyond one's needs.
Explanation:
- 'Aparigraha' is one of the five *Mahavratas* (Five Main Vows) of Jainism. Its literal meaning is—'non-accumulation' or 'renunciation'.
- Meaning: Aparigraha implies that a human being should not accumulate objects, wealth, or property in excess of their material necessities. It is the path to liberation from the bonds of greed and attachment.
- Philosophy: According to Jain philosophy, excessive attachment to material objects is the root cause of suffering and the bondage of *Karma*. Aparigraha guides the mind toward peace and simplicity.
- The Five *Mahavratas* of Jainism:
Lord Mahavira emphasized the observance of these five principles:
- Ahimsa: Causing no physical or mental harm to any living being.
- Satya: Always speaking the truth and refraining from falsehood (Option 3).
- Asteya: Not stealing or taking anything without permission (Option 2).
- Aparigraha: Not accumulating wealth or property (Option 4).
- Brahmacharya: Exercising restraint over the senses and maintaining purity.
Analysis of Other Options:
Fasting until death (Option 1): In Jainism, this is known as 'Sallekhana' or 'Santhara'. It is a spiritual process of voluntarily renouncing food and water to relinquish the body.
Refraining from theft (Option 2): This is known as 'Asteya'.
Speaking only the truth (Option 3): This is known as the vow of 'Satya'.